Which of the following characterizes immune hemolytic anemia?

Which of the following characterizes immune hemolytic anemia?

• A. Increased production of platelets
• B. Presence of antibodies against red blood cells
• C. Deficiency of vitamin B12
• D. Excessive cellular hydration

Answer: (B)

Immune hemolytic anemia is characterized by the presence of antibodies against red blood cells. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly identifies red blood cells as foreign, leading to their destruction. This can occur through various mechanisms, including direct antibody-mediated destruction and complement activation, which ultimately results in the premature destruction of red blood cells. The presence of these antibodies can be detected through specific laboratory tests, such as the Coombs test, which helps in diagnosing the condition. When antibodies bind to the red blood cells, they flag them for destruction by macrophages in the spleen or liver, leading to a decrease in red blood cell counts and contributing to the anemia observed in affected individuals. The other options do not directly relate to the defining characteristics of immune hemolytic anemia. For instance, increased platelet production is more indicative of a different pathological process, such as post-splenectomy thrombocytosis, while vitamin B12 deficiency relates to megaloblastic anemias rather than hemolytic processes. Excessive cellular hydration does not specifically pertain to the mechanism of immune hemolytic anemia either, as it concerns cell volume regulation rather than immune interactions with red blood cells.

Immune hemolytic anemia is characterized by the presence of antibodies against red blood cells. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly identifies red blood cells as foreign, leading to their destruction. This can occur through various mechanisms, including direct antibody-mediated destruction and complement activation, which ultimately results in the premature destruction of red blood cells.

The presence of these antibodies can be detected through specific laboratory tests, such as the Coombs test, which helps in diagnosing the condition. When antibodies bind to the red blood cells, they flag them for destruction by macrophages in the spleen or liver, leading to a decrease in red blood cell counts and contributing to the anemia observed in affected individuals.

The other options do not directly relate to the defining characteristics of immune hemolytic anemia. For instance, increased platelet production is more indicative of a different pathological process, such as post-splenectomy thrombocytosis, while vitamin B12 deficiency relates to megaloblastic anemias rather than hemolytic processes. Excessive cellular hydration does not specifically pertain to the mechanism of immune hemolytic anemia either, as it concerns cell volume regulation rather than immune interactions with red blood cells.