What is multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is characterized as a cancer of plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. In this condition, there is an abnormal proliferation of these plasma cells in the bone marrow, resulting in excessive production of monoclonal antibodies. The accumulation of these abnormal plasma cells can disrupt normal blood cell production and lead to various complications, including bone lesions, anemia, and kidney issues.

The other options describe different medical conditions. A benign tumor of muscle tissue does not pertain to multiple myeloma, as myeloma specifically relates to the blood and immune system rather than muscle tissue. An autoimmune disorder affecting red blood cells is not accurate, as multiple myeloma involves the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells rather than an autoimmune process against red blood cells. Lastly, although multiple myeloma is considered a hematologic malignancy, it is distinct from leukemia, which primarily involves the proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, particularly lymphocytes. Therefore, understanding the specific characteristics of multiple myeloma is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.