A client exhibits weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrual periods. Which anemia could this indicate with a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL?

The symptoms of weakness, fatigue, and heavy menstrual periods, along with a low hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL, are strongly indicative of iron-deficiency anemia. This type of anemia is commonly associated with insufficient iron levels, which can result from chronic blood loss, inadequate dietary intake, or increased iron requirements.

In the context of this client, heavy menstrual periods — medically known as menorrhagia — can lead to significant blood loss over time, ultimately resulting in a decrease in iron stores in the body. When the body lacks adequate iron, it cannot produce enough hemoglobin, leading to symptoms such as fatigue and weakness due to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.

The other types of anemia listed differ in their causes and presentations. Folic acid deficiency anemia typically presents with symptoms that may include glossitis or changes in mood, but it is less likely to be directly associated with heavy menstrual bleeding. Pernicious anemia is a specific type of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and usually presents with neurologic symptoms or macrocytic red blood cells, which are not indicated here. Sickle cell anemia involves the presence of abnormal hemoglobin and usually leads to pain episodes and complications rather than the described symptoms.

Thus, given the context of the symptoms and the hem